What are three examples of other GNSS systems used by other countries?

The selection of GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo as examples of other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) highlights the variety of systems developed by different countries for positioning and navigation purposes.

GLONASS, the Russian GNSS, is a key alternative to GPS and offers global coverage similar to that of GPS, but its satellites are arranged differently in orbit to achieve this coverage. It became fully operational in 1996, and it provides users with precise positioning services.

BeiDou is China's navigation satellite system, which also offers global coverage. Initially, it started as a regional system but has expanded into a global one, with the full constellation becoming operational in recent years. This system not only provides positioning but also includes timing and messaging services.

Galileo, developed by the European Union, aims to provide an independent and high-precision positioning system to its users. It is designed to be interoperable with other GNSS systems, enhancing the overall reliability and accuracy of global navigation by providing additional satellite signals.

These systems represent national efforts to establish independent navigation capabilities, thus enhancing the reliability and diversity of GNSS services globally. In comparison, the other options include satellites or systems that do not fully meet the criteria as independent GNSS systems used by various